Endogenous

PRKACA

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha

PRKACA ;
PKACA ;
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha ;
PKA C-alpha

This gene encodes one of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A, which exists as a tetrameric holoenzyme with two regulatory subunits and two catalytic subunits, in its inactive form. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinase A is important to many cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Constitutive activation of this gene caused either by somatic mutations, or genomic duplications of regions that include this gene, have been associated with hyperplasias and adenomas of the adrenal cortex and are linked to corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome. Altern

Catalytic activity:ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.,enzyme regulation:Activated by cAMP.,Function:Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.,PTM:Asn-3 is partially deaminated to Asp giving rise to 2 major isoelectric variants, called CB and CA respectively.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. cAMP subfamily.,similarity:Contains 1 AGC-kinase C-terminal domain.,similarity:Contains 1 protein kinase domain.,subcellular location:Translocates into the nucleus (monomeric catalytic subunit) (By similarity). The inactive holoenzyme is found in the cytoplasm.,subunit:A number of inactive tetrameric holoenzymes are produced by the combination of homo- or heterodimers of the different regulatory subunits associated with two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits.,tissue specificity:Isoform 2 is sperm specific.,

Cytoplasm, Membrane

Isoform 1 is ubiquitous. Isoform 2 is sperm-specific and is enriched in pachytene spermatocytes but is not detected in round spermatids.

>>Endocrine resistance ;
>>MAPK signaling pathway ;
>>Ras signaling pathway ;
>>Calcium signaling pathway ;
>>cAMP signaling pathway ;
>>Chemokine signaling pathway ;
>>Oocyte meiosis ;
>>Autophagy - animal ;
>>Longevity regulating pathway ;
>>Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species ;
>>Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes ;
>>Vascular smooth muscle contraction ;
>>Wnt signaling pathway ;
>>Hedgehog signaling pathway ;
>>Apelin signaling pathway ;
>>Tight junction ;
>>Gap junction ;
>>Platelet activation ;
>>Circadian entrainment ;
>>Thermogenesis ;
>>Long-term potentiation ;
>>Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling ;
>>Glutamatergic synapse ;
>>Cholinergic synapse ;
>>Serotonergic synapse ;
>>GABAergic synapse ;
>>Dopaminergic synapse ;
>>Olfactory transduction ;
>>Taste transduction ;
>>Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels ;
>>Insulin signaling pathway ;
>>Insulin secretion ;
>>GnRH signaling pathway ;
>>Ovarian steroidogenesis ;
>>Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation ;
>>Estrogen signaling pathway ;
>>Melanogenesis ;
>>Thyroid hormone synthesis ;
>>Thyroid hormone signaling pathway ;
>>Oxytocin signaling pathway ;
>>Glucagon signaling pathway ;
>>Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes ;
>>Renin secretion ;
>>Aldosterone synthesis and secretion ;
>>Relaxin signaling pathway ;
>>Cortisol synthesis and secretion ;
>>Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action ;
>>Cushing syndrome ;
>>Growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action ;
>>Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption ;
>>Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption ;
>>Salivary secretion ;
>>Gastric acid secretion ;
>>Bile secretion ;
>>Parkinson disease ;
>>Prion disease ;
>>Cocaine addiction ;
>>Amphetamine addiction ;
>>Morphine addiction ;
>>Alcoholism ;
>>Vibrio cholerae infection ;
>>Amoebiasis ;
>>Human cytomegalovirus infection ;
>>Human papillomavirus infection ;
>>Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection ;
>>Pathways in cancer ;
>>Viral carcinogenesis ;
>>Proteoglycans in cancer ;
>>Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation ;
>>Dilated cardiomyopathy